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= Welcome to MSC History Wiki, = This is a space students can use to access learning materials and notes from class, contribute to online forums and add any interesting history materials they find.

Week 1 & 2 Background to Federation, Australian identity 1900, Background to WWI
Before Australia was federated in 1901, Australia was made up of seven separate colonies; NSW, SA, QLD, NT, VIC, WA & TAS. The colonies were all governed separately and were essentially independent from one another. On January 1st 1901 Australia federated, that is they became one unified nation.
 * Australian Federation**
 * There were several reasons for Australia to Federate**
 * Trade**: Before federation there were steep tariffs imposed on the transport of goods across the states/colonies.
 * White Australia Policy:** Some Australians wanted a White Australia Policy .They believed Federation would enable the development and maintenance of a ‘White Australia Policy’, by toughening immigration laws. It was hoped by some that the policy would ensure employment for Australians.
 * Independence from England**: Federation was a small step in the overall independence of Australia, allowing it to move away from the influence of Mother England and become a self-governing nation.
 * Defence**: Each of the states had its own defence force .Each individual state’s defence force was not strong enough to protect Australia’s vast coastline from attack.

**2)What is militarism?**
 * Key questions**
 * 1)What is an alliance?**
 * 3)What is Imperialism?**
 * 4)Define nationalism**
 * 5)Explain the arms race**

**Week 3** Background to WWI, Outbreak of War and Trench warfare
**__The Causes of the First World War__** **( A SUMMARY)** There are many reasons why the World went to war in 1914. These are some of the more important reasons.Britain and Germany were competing to have the most powerful navy in the world. This caused tension in Europe.

The Scramble for Africa (when European countries had tried to get as many colonies as they could) had led to many small conflicts around the world. This meant that some of the major European powers were not very friendly towards each other.

The French were very distrustful of the Germans as a result of the war in 1870-1871 that the Germans had won. The alliance systems set up to prevent war meant that any major political disputes would inevitably lead to a large rather than a small conflict. Nationalism. People across the world were very eager to let the rest of the world how strong and important their country was. many people thought that their country was better than others: and thought that they'd be able to win a war very easily if there was one.

The Balkans region of Europe was claimed by both Russia and Austria (it was in general under Austrian control). This meant that the Russians and the Austrians would both be eager to enforce their authority over this region. A desire for independence. many people in Europe lived in countries that were part of empires. They didn't all like being ruled by people with different languages and religions and this led to conflicts that could (and did) involve other nations. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo. He was the heir to the Austrian throne and was murdered by Serbian nationalists. This was the spark that caused war to be declared

Begining of the war comprehension sheet

Causes of WWI class activity sheet
 * Questions **
 * Which countries were bound to each other by which alliance? **
 * 2. How did imperialism contribute towards Germany's increasing anger with Britain and France? **
 * 3.Why was nationalism an important factor **
 * 4.Describe the part played by Germany in increasing European militarism. **
 * 5.Wwhat links were there between the two crises and: **
 * a)Alliances **
 * b)Imperialism **
 * c)Militarism **
 * d)Nationalism **



||
 * Read the following source**
 * ** [|Helen Fairchild], letter to her mother from her Casualty Clearing Station at [|Ypres] (August 1917) **
 * I am with an operating team about 100 miles from our own Base Hospital, closer to the fighting lines. I'll sure have a lot to tell about this experience when I get home. I have been here three weeks and see no signs of going back yet, although when we came we only expected to be here a few days. Of course, I didn't bring much with me. Had two white dresses and two aprons, and two combinations. Now can you imagine trying to keep decent with that much clothing in a place where it rains nearly every day. We all live in tents and wade through mud to and from the operating room where we stand in mud higher than our ankles. It was some task, but dear old Major Harte, who I am up here with, got a car and a man; to go down to our hospital and get us some things. He brought me six clean uniforms and aprons, beside heaps of notes from all the nurses, letters from home and all kinds of fruit and cake. We made the trip up to this place in an auto-ambulance 100 miles through France. Oh I shall have books to tell when I get home. **
 * Watch and make notes on the following clips.**

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= = = WEEK 4 = =**Gallipoli**= The battle of Gallipoli was first suggested by a French Minister in November of 1914 but was not supported. Around Januray 1915 Winston Churchill suggested a navel attack and was soon approved by the British cabinet.The battle of Gallipoli started on February 19th 1915 and finally came to a stop on January 8th 1916. Invovled in this battle as allies were Britian, France, India, Australia and New Zealand. All of these countries were fighting against only one other which was Turkey.As all these allies were working together on their navel attacks but they were not successful and with this occuring it became clear to the ground troops they had to eliminate the Turkey artillery. To do this Australian and New Zealand volunteer troops were sent to train in Eygpt and then France. From these brave soldiers came the ANZACs. As the ANZACs arrived in Gallipoli they sailed about a mile and a half further up the coast than first expected and were confronted by a treacherous, confusing tangle of ravines and spurs that descended from the heights of the Sari Bair range to the sea. At first, the Turks only had some scatterd units but Mustafa Kemal, commanding the 19th Division soon rushed reinforcements to the area. It then turned into a race for position, in the first day the greater position would change a number of times but the Turks had the higher ground and soon took control. The Turks counter-attacked, trying to force the invaders back to the shore, but failed to dislodge them from the foothold they had gained. A trench perimeter quickly developed and a bloody stalemate ensued until August.The first offensive move by the ANZACs took place on May 2nd, ordered by General Godley and General John Monash they were to move forward and dig in so they could hold their ground but this attack was not succeeded as they were to retreat by the night of May 3rd because of around 1000 casualties.After this the Turks decided to launch a major assault on the ANZACs. The Turks were to do this by overwhelming them with sheer weight in numbers. They had 30 to around 40,000 men while the brave ANZACs only had 10,000. Even with the numbers stacked against them the ANZACs held the Turks off and because of massive casualites there was the first truce declared so that they could bury the men who gave their lives. The battle continued until December 1915 when troops started to be evacuated. By January 1916 the troops have stopped the campaign. The Turks lost around 300,000 men in this battle where as our allies including the ANZACs lost around 214,000. Bad leading, planning and luck, combined with a shortage of equipment condemned the Allies and forced us to seek a conclusion to this bloody battle.
 * __ The Battle of Gallipoli __**
 * Gallipoli cove ||
 * Gallipoli cove ||
 * The battle map ||
 * The battle map ||
 * Men at war in trenches ||
 * Men at war in trenches ||

= ICT work for today- Students need to use the following websites to assist their research: = []
 * Go to the following website read through the information under the 'Gallipoli' heading, then summarise what happened in either your exercise books or a word document. ||

Then, go to this website and read through historian Trevor Wilsons Gallipoli account and then compare it to Turkish historian, A.Mete Tuncoku perspective. [] []

Use the following websites to research the Australian populations reaction to to war []

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= Propaganda =

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Read through the information on the above website and then define propaganda and it's role in the recruitment process.

Use the final website to pick a WWI propaganda poster. [] Then answer the following questions 1) Describe in detail the image and text on the poster. 2)Who is the poster directed to and how does it want them to feel? 3)How does the soldier look in this poster? What emotion do you think the poster wants to raise in the intended audience? 4) Do you think this is an effective propaganda media type="custom" key="12810014" align="left"poster?

Gallipoli (A summary) media type="custom" key="12810540"